diff --git a/src/bus/four_wire.rs b/src/bus/four_wire.rs
index 9164f60..ab1bac5 100644
--- a/src/bus/four_wire.rs
+++ b/src/bus/four_wire.rs
@@ -51,14 +51,14 @@ impl<Spi: FullDuplex<u8>, ChipSelect: OutputPin> ActiveBus for ActiveFourWire<Sp
 
         self.cs
             .set_high()
-            .map_err(|e| Self::Error::ChipSelectError(e))?;
+            .map_err(|e| FourWireError::ChipSelectError(e))?;
         block!(Self::transfer_bytes(&mut self.spi, &mut address_phase)
             .and_then(|_| Self::transfer_byte(&mut self.spi, &mut control_phase))
             .and_then(|_| Self::transfer_bytes(&mut self.spi, data_phase)))
-        .map_err(|e| Self::Error::SpiError(e))?;
+        .map_err(|e| FourWireError::SpiError(e))?;
         self.cs
             .set_low()
-            .map_err(|e| Self::Error::ChipSelectError(e))?;
+            .map_err(|e| FourWireError::ChipSelectError(e))?;
 
         Ok(data_phase)
     }
diff --git a/src/inactive_w5500.rs b/src/inactive_w5500.rs
index 2e7b0b3..980f2b3 100644
--- a/src/inactive_w5500.rs
+++ b/src/inactive_w5500.rs
@@ -2,22 +2,16 @@ use bus::{ActiveFourWire, ActiveThreeWire, Bus, FourWire, ThreeWire};
 use embedded_hal::digital::v2::OutputPin;
 use embedded_hal::spi::FullDuplex;
 use network::Network;
-use socket::OwnedSockets;
 use w5500::W5500;
 
 pub struct InactiveW5500<SpiBus: Bus, NetworkImpl: Network> {
     bus: SpiBus,
     network: NetworkImpl,
-    sockets: OwnedSockets,
 }
 
 impl<SpiBus: Bus, NetworkImpl: Network> InactiveW5500<SpiBus, NetworkImpl> {
-    pub fn new(bus: SpiBus, network: NetworkImpl, sockets: OwnedSockets) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            bus,
-            network,
-            sockets,
-        }
+    pub fn new(bus: SpiBus, network: NetworkImpl) -> Self {
+        Self { bus, network }
     }
 }
 
@@ -26,7 +20,7 @@ impl<ChipSelect: OutputPin, NetworkImpl: Network> InactiveW5500<FourWire<ChipSel
         self,
         spi: Spi,
     ) -> W5500<ActiveFourWire<Spi, ChipSelect>, NetworkImpl> {
-        W5500::new(self.bus.activate(spi), self.network, self.sockets)
+        W5500::new(self.bus.activate(spi), self.network)
     }
 }
 
@@ -35,6 +29,6 @@ impl<NetworkImpl: Network> InactiveW5500<ThreeWire, NetworkImpl> {
         self,
         spi: Spi,
     ) -> W5500<ActiveThreeWire<Spi>, NetworkImpl> {
-        W5500::new(self.bus.activate(spi), self.network, self.sockets)
+        W5500::new(self.bus.activate(spi), self.network)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index fdbed97..2e47c49 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ impl Default for Mode {
 //     }
 // }
 
-mod bus;
+pub mod bus;
 mod inactive_w5500;
 mod network;
 mod register;
@@ -948,3 +948,5 @@ mod socket;
 mod udp;
 pub mod uninitialized_w5500;
 mod w5500;
+
+pub use bus::ActiveFourWire;
diff --git a/src/socket/mod.rs b/src/socket/mod.rs
index dbe0183..6abd085 100644
--- a/src/socket/mod.rs
+++ b/src/socket/mod.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use crate::register::socketn;
 use crate::IpAddress;
 
 pub trait Socket {
-    fn is_owned_by(&self, sockets: &OwnedSockets) -> bool;
     fn register(&self) -> u8;
     fn tx_buffer(&self) -> u8;
     fn rx_buffer(&self) -> u8;
@@ -181,22 +180,9 @@ pub type OwnedSockets = (
     Socket6,
     Socket7,
 );
-pub type Sockets<'a> = (
-    &'a mut Socket0,
-    &'a mut Socket1,
-    &'a mut Socket2,
-    &'a mut Socket3,
-    &'a mut Socket4,
-    &'a mut Socket5,
-    &'a mut Socket6,
-    &'a mut Socket7,
-);
 
 pub struct Socket0 {}
 impl Socket for Socket0 {
-    fn is_owned_by(&self, sockets: &OwnedSockets) -> bool {
-        self as *const _ == &sockets.0 as *const _
-    }
     fn register(&self) -> u8 {
         register::SOCKET0
     }
@@ -209,9 +195,6 @@ impl Socket for Socket0 {
 }
 pub struct Socket1 {}
 impl Socket for Socket1 {
-    fn is_owned_by(&self, sockets: &OwnedSockets) -> bool {
-        self as *const _ == &sockets.1 as *const _
-    }
     fn register(&self) -> u8 {
         register::SOCKET1
     }
@@ -224,9 +207,6 @@ impl Socket for Socket1 {
 }
 pub struct Socket2 {}
 impl Socket for Socket2 {
-    fn is_owned_by(&self, sockets: &OwnedSockets) -> bool {
-        self as *const _ == &sockets.2 as *const _
-    }
     fn register(&self) -> u8 {
         register::SOCKET2
     }
@@ -239,9 +219,6 @@ impl Socket for Socket2 {
 }
 pub struct Socket3 {}
 impl Socket for Socket3 {
-    fn is_owned_by(&self, sockets: &OwnedSockets) -> bool {
-        self as *const _ == &sockets.3 as *const _
-    }
     fn register(&self) -> u8 {
         register::SOCKET3
     }
@@ -254,9 +231,6 @@ impl Socket for Socket3 {
 }
 pub struct Socket4 {}
 impl Socket for Socket4 {
-    fn is_owned_by(&self, sockets: &OwnedSockets) -> bool {
-        self as *const _ == &sockets.4 as *const _
-    }
     fn register(&self) -> u8 {
         register::SOCKET4
     }
@@ -269,9 +243,6 @@ impl Socket for Socket4 {
 }
 pub struct Socket5 {}
 impl Socket for Socket5 {
-    fn is_owned_by(&self, sockets: &OwnedSockets) -> bool {
-        self as *const _ == &sockets.5 as *const _
-    }
     fn register(&self) -> u8 {
         register::SOCKET5
     }
@@ -284,9 +255,6 @@ impl Socket for Socket5 {
 }
 pub struct Socket6 {}
 impl Socket for Socket6 {
-    fn is_owned_by(&self, sockets: &OwnedSockets) -> bool {
-        self as *const _ == &sockets.6 as *const _
-    }
     fn register(&self) -> u8 {
         register::SOCKET6
     }
@@ -299,9 +267,6 @@ impl Socket for Socket6 {
 }
 pub struct Socket7 {}
 impl Socket for Socket7 {
-    fn is_owned_by(&self, sockets: &OwnedSockets) -> bool {
-        self as *const _ == &sockets.7 as *const _
-    }
     fn register(&self) -> u8 {
         register::SOCKET7
     }
diff --git a/src/udp/inactive_udp_socket.rs b/src/udp/inactive_udp_socket.rs
index fc739ee..64c8cf9 100644
--- a/src/udp/inactive_udp_socket.rs
+++ b/src/udp/inactive_udp_socket.rs
@@ -2,32 +2,24 @@ use crate::bus::ActiveBus;
 use crate::network::Network;
 use crate::socket::Socket;
 use crate::udp::UdpSocket;
-use crate::w5500::ForeignSocketError;
 use crate::w5500::W5500;
 
-pub struct InactiveUdpSocket<'a, SocketImpl: Socket> {
-    socket: &'a mut SocketImpl,
+pub struct InactiveUdpSocket<SocketImpl: Socket> {
+    socket: SocketImpl,
 }
 
-impl<'a, SocketImpl: Socket> InactiveUdpSocket<'a, SocketImpl> {
-    pub fn new(socket: &'a mut SocketImpl) -> Self {
+impl<SocketImpl: Socket> InactiveUdpSocket<SocketImpl> {
+    pub fn new(socket: SocketImpl) -> Self {
         InactiveUdpSocket { socket }
     }
 
     pub fn activate<SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network>(
         self,
         w5500: W5500<SpiBus, NetworkImpl>,
-    ) -> Result<UdpSocket<'a, SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>, ForeignSocketError> {
-        let (bus, network, sockets) = w5500.release();
-        if self.socket.is_owned_by(&sockets) {
-            Ok(UdpSocket {
-                bus,
-                network,
-                sockets,
-                socket: self.socket,
-            })
-        } else {
-            Err(ForeignSocketError {})
+    ) -> UdpSocket<SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl> {
+        UdpSocket {
+            w5500,
+            socket: self.socket,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/udp/incoming_packet.rs b/src/udp/incoming_packet.rs
index 3e46750..bdb2df0 100644
--- a/src/udp/incoming_packet.rs
+++ b/src/udp/incoming_packet.rs
@@ -14,21 +14,25 @@ pub struct IncomingPacket<UdpSocket> {
     write_pointer: u16,
 }
 
-impl<'a, SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket>
-    IncomingPacket<UdpSocket<'a, SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>>
+impl<SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket>
+    IncomingPacket<UdpSocket<SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>>
 {
     pub fn new(
-        mut udp_socket: UdpSocket<'a, SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>,
+        mut udp_socket: UdpSocket<SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>,
     ) -> Result<Self, SpiBus::Error> {
-        let receive_size = udp_socket.socket.get_receive_size(&mut udp_socket.bus)?;
+        let receive_size = udp_socket
+            .socket
+            .get_receive_size(&mut udp_socket.w5500.bus)?;
 
         // Packet frame, as described in W5200 docs sectino 5.2.2.1
         // |<-- read_pointer                                read_pointer + received_size -->|
         // |Destination IP Address | Destination Port | Byte Size of DATA | Actual DATA ... |
         // |   --- 4 Bytes ---     |  --- 2 Bytes --- |  --- 2 Bytes ---  |      ....       |
-        let read_pointer = udp_socket.socket.get_rx_read_pointer(&mut udp_socket.bus)?;
+        let read_pointer = udp_socket
+            .socket
+            .get_rx_read_pointer(&mut udp_socket.w5500.bus)?;
         let mut header = [0u8; 8];
-        block!(udp_socket.bus.transfer_frame(
+        block!(udp_socket.w5500.bus.transfer_frame(
             udp_socket.socket.rx_buffer(),
             read_pointer,
             false,
@@ -53,19 +57,19 @@ impl<'a, SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket>
 
     // TODO add read_all method
 
-    pub fn done(mut self) -> Result<UdpSocket<'a, SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>, SpiBus::Error> {
+    pub fn done(mut self) -> Result<UdpSocket<SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>, SpiBus::Error> {
         self.udp_socket
             .socket
-            .set_rx_read_pointer(&mut self.udp_socket.bus, self.write_pointer)?;
+            .set_rx_read_pointer(&mut self.udp_socket.w5500.bus, self.write_pointer)?;
         self.udp_socket
             .socket
-            .command(&mut self.udp_socket.bus, socketn::Command::Receive)?;
+            .command(&mut self.udp_socket.w5500.bus, socketn::Command::Receive)?;
         Ok(self.udp_socket)
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket> Iterator
-    for IncomingPacket<UdpSocket<'a, SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>>
+impl<SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket> Iterator
+    for IncomingPacket<UdpSocket<SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>>
 {
     type Item = Result<u8, SpiBus::Error>;
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
@@ -73,7 +77,7 @@ impl<'a, SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket> Iterator
             return None;
         }
         let mut buffer = [0u8];
-        let result = block!(self.udp_socket.bus.transfer_frame(
+        let result = block!(self.udp_socket.w5500.bus.transfer_frame(
             self.udp_socket.socket.rx_buffer(),
             self.read_pointer,
             false,
diff --git a/src/udp/mod.rs b/src/udp/mod.rs
index 5931e4b..351ecd5 100644
--- a/src/udp/mod.rs
+++ b/src/udp/mod.rs
@@ -5,49 +5,40 @@ mod outgoing_packet;
 use crate::bus::ActiveBus;
 use crate::network::Network;
 use crate::register::socketn;
-use crate::socket::{OwnedSockets, Socket};
+use crate::socket::Socket;
 use crate::udp::inactive_udp_socket::InactiveUdpSocket;
 use crate::udp::incoming_packet::IncomingPacket;
 use crate::udp::outgoing_packet::OutgoingPacket;
 use crate::w5500::W5500;
 use crate::IpAddress;
 
-pub struct UdpSocket<'a, SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket> {
-    bus: SpiBus,
-    network: NetworkImpl,
-    sockets: OwnedSockets,
+pub struct UdpSocket<SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket> {
+    w5500: W5500<SpiBus, NetworkImpl>,
 
-    socket: &'a mut SocketImpl,
+    socket: SocketImpl,
 }
 
-impl<'a, SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket>
-    UdpSocket<'a, SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>
+impl<SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket>
+    UdpSocket<SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>
 {
     pub fn new(
         port: u16,
-        mut bus: SpiBus,
-        network: NetworkImpl,
-        sockets: OwnedSockets,
-        socket: &'a mut SocketImpl,
+        mut w5500: W5500<SpiBus, NetworkImpl>,
+        socket: SocketImpl,
     ) -> Result<Self, SpiBus::Error> {
-        socket.reset_interrupt(&mut bus, socketn::Interrupt::SendOk)?;
-        socket.set_source_port(&mut bus, port)?;
-        socket.set_mode(&mut bus, socketn::Protocol::Udp)?;
-        socket.command(&mut bus, socketn::Command::Open)?;
+        socket.reset_interrupt(&mut w5500.bus, socketn::Interrupt::SendOk)?;
+        socket.set_source_port(&mut w5500.bus, port)?;
+        socket.set_mode(&mut w5500.bus, socketn::Protocol::Udp)?;
+        socket.command(&mut w5500.bus, socketn::Command::Open)?;
 
-        Ok(UdpSocket {
-            bus,
-            network,
-            sockets,
-            socket,
-        })
+        Ok(UdpSocket { w5500, socket })
     }
 
     /// Returns a UDP packet if one is available.  Will return `None` if no UDP packets are in the socket's buffer
     pub fn receive(mut self) -> Result<Option<IncomingPacket<Self>>, SpiBus::Error> {
         if !self
             .socket
-            .has_interrupt(&mut self.bus, socketn::Interrupt::Receive)?
+            .has_interrupt(&mut self.w5500.bus, socketn::Interrupt::Receive)?
         {
             Ok(None)
         } else {
@@ -64,15 +55,7 @@ impl<'a, SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket>
         Ok(OutgoingPacket::new(self, host, remote_port)?)
     }
 
-    pub fn deactivate(
-        self,
-    ) -> (
-        InactiveUdpSocket<'a, SocketImpl>,
-        W5500<SpiBus, NetworkImpl>,
-    ) {
-        (
-            InactiveUdpSocket::new(self.socket),
-            W5500::new(self.bus, self.network, self.sockets),
-        )
+    pub fn deactivate(self) -> (InactiveUdpSocket<SocketImpl>, W5500<SpiBus, NetworkImpl>) {
+        (InactiveUdpSocket::new(self.socket), self.w5500)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/udp/outgoing_packet.rs b/src/udp/outgoing_packet.rs
index aebf660..34ec621 100644
--- a/src/udp/outgoing_packet.rs
+++ b/src/udp/outgoing_packet.rs
@@ -10,23 +10,23 @@ pub struct OutgoingPacket<UdpSocket> {
     data_length: u16,
 }
 
-impl<'a, SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket>
-    OutgoingPacket<UdpSocket<'a, SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>>
+impl<SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket>
+    OutgoingPacket<UdpSocket<SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>>
 {
     pub fn new(
-        mut udp_socket: UdpSocket<'a, SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>,
+        mut udp_socket: UdpSocket<SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>,
         host: IpAddress,
         port: u16,
     ) -> Result<Self, SpiBus::Error> {
         udp_socket
             .socket
-            .set_destination_ip(&mut udp_socket.bus, host)?;
+            .set_destination_ip(&mut udp_socket.w5500.bus, host)?;
         udp_socket
             .socket
-            .set_destination_port(&mut udp_socket.bus, port)?;
+            .set_destination_port(&mut udp_socket.w5500.bus, port)?;
         udp_socket
             .socket
-            .set_tx_read_pointer(&mut udp_socket.bus, 0)?;
+            .set_tx_read_pointer(&mut udp_socket.w5500.bus, 0)?;
         Ok(Self {
             udp_socket,
             data_length: 0,
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ impl<'a, SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket>
     }
 
     pub fn write(&mut self, mut data: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), SpiBus::Error> {
-        block!(self.udp_socket.bus.transfer_frame(
+        block!(self.udp_socket.w5500.bus.transfer_frame(
             self.udp_socket.socket.tx_buffer(),
             self.data_length,
             true,
@@ -44,29 +44,29 @@ impl<'a, SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network, SocketImpl: Socket>
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn send(mut self) -> Result<UdpSocket<'a, SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>, SpiBus::Error> {
+    pub fn send(mut self) -> Result<UdpSocket<SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>, SpiBus::Error> {
         self.udp_socket
             .socket
-            .set_tx_write_pointer(&mut self.udp_socket.bus, self.data_length)?;
+            .set_tx_write_pointer(&mut self.udp_socket.w5500.bus, self.data_length)?;
         self.udp_socket
             .socket
-            .command(&mut self.udp_socket.bus, socketn::Command::Send)?;
+            .command(&mut self.udp_socket.w5500.bus, socketn::Command::Send)?;
         loop {
             // wait until send is complete
             if self
                 .udp_socket
                 .socket
-                .has_interrupt(&mut self.udp_socket.bus, socketn::Interrupt::SendOk)?
+                .has_interrupt(&mut self.udp_socket.w5500.bus, socketn::Interrupt::SendOk)?
             {
                 self.udp_socket
                     .socket
-                    .reset_interrupt(&mut self.udp_socket.bus, socketn::Interrupt::SendOk)?;
+                    .reset_interrupt(&mut self.udp_socket.w5500.bus, socketn::Interrupt::SendOk)?;
                 break;
             }
         }
         self.udp_socket
             .socket
-            .command(&mut self.udp_socket.bus, socketn::Command::Open)?;
+            .command(&mut self.udp_socket.w5500.bus, socketn::Command::Open)?;
         Ok(self.udp_socket)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/uninitialized_w5500.rs b/src/uninitialized_w5500.rs
index 6b665ac..bb73db4 100644
--- a/src/uninitialized_w5500.rs
+++ b/src/uninitialized_w5500.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use bus::{ActiveBus, ActiveFourWire, ActiveThreeWire};
 use embedded_hal::digital::v2::OutputPin;
 use embedded_hal::spi::FullDuplex;
 use register;
+use socket::OwnedSockets;
 use socket::{Socket0, Socket1, Socket2, Socket3, Socket4, Socket5, Socket6, Socket7};
 use w5500::W5500;
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ impl<SpiBus: ActiveBus> UninitializedW5500<SpiBus> {
         self,
         mac: MacAddress,
         mode_options: Mode,
-    ) -> Result<W5500<SpiBus, Dhcp>, InitializeError<SpiBus::Error>> {
+    ) -> Result<(W5500<SpiBus, Dhcp>, OwnedSockets), InitializeError<SpiBus::Error>> {
         let network = Dhcp::new(mac);
         self.initialize_with_network(network, mode_options)
     }
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ impl<SpiBus: ActiveBus> UninitializedW5500<SpiBus> {
         mac: MacAddress,
         ip: IpAddress,
         mode_options: Mode,
-    ) -> Result<W5500<SpiBus, Manual>, InitializeError<SpiBus::Error>> {
+    ) -> Result<(W5500<SpiBus, Manual>, OwnedSockets), InitializeError<SpiBus::Error>> {
         let mut gateway = ip;
         gateway.address[3] = 1;
         let subnet = IpAddress::new(255, 255, 255, 0);
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ impl<SpiBus: ActiveBus> UninitializedW5500<SpiBus> {
         gateway: IpAddress,
         subnet: IpAddress,
         mode_options: Mode,
-    ) -> Result<W5500<SpiBus, Manual>, InitializeError<SpiBus::Error>> {
+    ) -> Result<(W5500<SpiBus, Manual>, OwnedSockets), InitializeError<SpiBus::Error>> {
         let network = Manual::new(mac, ip, gateway, subnet);
         self.initialize_with_network(network, mode_options)
     }
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ impl<SpiBus: ActiveBus> UninitializedW5500<SpiBus> {
         mut self,
         mut network: NetworkImpl,
         mode_options: Mode,
-    ) -> Result<W5500<SpiBus, NetworkImpl>, InitializeError<SpiBus::Error>> {
+    ) -> Result<(W5500<SpiBus, NetworkImpl>, OwnedSockets), InitializeError<SpiBus::Error>> {
         self.assert_chip_version(0x4)?;
         self.set_mode(mode_options)
             .map_err(|e| InitializeError::SpiError(e))?;
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ impl<SpiBus: ActiveBus> UninitializedW5500<SpiBus> {
             Socket6 {},
             Socket7 {},
         );
-        Ok(W5500::new(self.bus, network, sockets))
+        Ok((W5500::new(self.bus, network), sockets))
     }
 
     fn assert_chip_version(
diff --git a/src/w5500.rs b/src/w5500.rs
index d9d8d68..09286e0 100644
--- a/src/w5500.rs
+++ b/src/w5500.rs
@@ -5,35 +5,17 @@ use embedded_hal::digital::v2::OutputPin;
 use embedded_hal::spi::FullDuplex;
 use network::Network;
 use register;
-use socket::{OwnedSockets, Socket, Sockets};
+use socket::Socket;
 use udp::UdpSocket;
 
 pub struct W5500<SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network> {
-    bus: SpiBus,
+    pub bus: SpiBus,
     network: NetworkImpl,
-    sockets: OwnedSockets,
 }
 
 impl<SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network> W5500<SpiBus, NetworkImpl> {
-    pub fn new(bus: SpiBus, network: NetworkImpl, sockets: OwnedSockets) -> Self {
-        W5500 {
-            bus,
-            network,
-            sockets,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn sockets(&mut self) -> Sockets {
-        (
-            &mut self.sockets.0,
-            &mut self.sockets.1,
-            &mut self.sockets.2,
-            &mut self.sockets.3,
-            &mut self.sockets.4,
-            &mut self.sockets.5,
-            &mut self.sockets.6,
-            &mut self.sockets.7,
-        )
+    pub fn new(bus: SpiBus, network: NetworkImpl) -> Self {
+        W5500 { bus, network }
     }
 
     pub fn reset(mut self) -> Result<UninitializedW5500<SpiBus>, SpiBus::Error> {
@@ -50,22 +32,16 @@ impl<SpiBus: ActiveBus, NetworkImpl: Network> W5500<SpiBus, NetworkImpl> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn open_udp_socket<'a, SocketImpl: Socket>(
+    pub fn open_udp_socket<SocketImpl: Socket>(
         self,
         port: u16,
-        socket: &'a mut SocketImpl,
-    ) -> Result<UdpSocket<'a, SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>, OpenSocketError<SpiBus::Error>>
-    {
-        if socket.is_owned_by(&self.sockets) {
-            UdpSocket::new(port, self.bus, self.network, self.sockets, socket)
-                .map_err(|e| OpenSocketError::BusError(e))
-        } else {
-            Err(OpenSocketError::ForeignSocketError)
-        }
+        socket: SocketImpl,
+    ) -> Result<UdpSocket<SpiBus, NetworkImpl, SocketImpl>, SpiBus::Error> {
+        UdpSocket::new(port, self, socket)
     }
 
-    pub fn release(self) -> (SpiBus, NetworkImpl, OwnedSockets) {
-        (self.bus, self.network, self.sockets)
+    pub fn release(self) -> (SpiBus, NetworkImpl) {
+        (self.bus, self.network)
     }
 }
 
@@ -74,20 +50,13 @@ impl<Spi: FullDuplex<u8>, ChipSelect: OutputPin, NetworkImpl: Network>
 {
     pub fn deactivate(self) -> (InactiveW5500<FourWire<ChipSelect>, NetworkImpl>, Spi) {
         let (bus, spi) = self.bus.deactivate();
-        (InactiveW5500::new(bus, self.network, self.sockets), spi)
+        (InactiveW5500::new(bus, self.network), spi)
     }
 }
 
 impl<Spi: FullDuplex<u8>, NetworkImpl: Network> W5500<ActiveThreeWire<Spi>, NetworkImpl> {
     pub fn deactivate(self) -> (InactiveW5500<ThreeWire, NetworkImpl>, Spi) {
         let (bus, spi) = self.bus.deactivate();
-        (InactiveW5500::new(bus, self.network, self.sockets), spi)
+        (InactiveW5500::new(bus, self.network), spi)
     }
 }
-
-pub enum OpenSocketError<BusError> {
-    ForeignSocketError,
-    BusError(BusError),
-}
-
-pub struct ForeignSocketError {}