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Pascal Engélibert 2026-09-26 23:37:19 +02:00
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[workspace]
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# Skrivañ
This is:
* a CLI tool to render a subset of a TTF/OTF/AAT font to PNG, and produce a custom-format character-to-positions map;
* a lightweight crate to load such a map and render text to textures (or just iterate on glyphs and let you do the rendering).
Ideal for making a lightweight 2D game. All the hard work and big dependencies are done before compiling the game. No TTF to include, only an image and a small binary file. Rendering text is simply associating characters to positions on the font texture, like a tilemap. Glyphs can be fed to a vertex shader easily.
Not yet features:
* alignment (currently only left alignment is supported)
* wordwrap
Not planned:
* Smart kerning algorithms, hyphenation, and other LaTeX-grade stuff.
* Subpixel antialiasing (antialiasing is computed only for the base texture, not when rendering text)
Similar tools already exist, but:
* the best ones, like harfbuzz, are quite heavy (we use harfbuzz for rendering).
* the lightest ones are made for embedded or Gameboy.
* other ones need the TTF at runtime.
## Example
```rust
```
## Name
"Skrivañ" is the Breton infinitive verb "to write". Pronounce skree.vã, with a nasalized "a".
## License
[Support me via LiberaPay](https://liberapay.com/tuxmain/donate)
GNU AGPL v3, CopyLeft 2026 Pascal Engélibert [(why copyleft?)](https://txmn.tk/blog/why-copyleft/)
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 3 of the License.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

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[package]
name = "packing"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2024"
[dependencies]
png = "0.18"
skrivan = { path = "../../skrivan" }

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fn main() {
//let mut rects = Vec::new();
//for i in 0..10 {
// rects.push((16+i*11%8, 16+i*9%8));
// rects.push((50+i*13%20, 14+i*7%10));
// rects.push((10+i*11%9, 63+i*17%10));
//}
//bench("test", (512, 512), &rects);
}
/*fn bench(name: &str, size: (u32, u32), rects: &[(u32, u32)]) {
let mut packer = skrivan::packer::Packer::new(512, 512);
let start = std::time::Instant::now();
for (i, rect) in rects.iter().enumerate() {
assert!(packer.insert(i, rect.0, rect.1));
packer.display();
}
let dur = start.elapsed();
let mut bitmap = vec![0; (size.0*size.1*4) as usize];
let mut full = 0;
let mut max_x = 0;
let mut max_y = 0;
for i in 0..rects.len() {
let rect = packer.get(i).unwrap();
for y in rect.y..rect.y+rect.h {
for x in rect.x..rect.x+rect.w {
bitmap[((y*size.0+x)*4) as usize] = (rect.x * 101) as u8;
bitmap[((y*size.0+x)*4+1) as usize] = (rect.y * 101) as u8;
bitmap[((y*size.0+x)*4+2) as usize] = ((rect.x+rect.y+64) * 101) as u8;
bitmap[((y*size.0+x)*4+3) as usize] = 255;
}
}
full += rect.w*rect.h;
max_x = max_x.max(rect.x+rect.w);
max_y = max_y.max(rect.y+rect.h);
}
let output = std::fs::File::create(format!("/dev/shm/bench-{name}.png")).unwrap();
let writer = &mut std::io::BufWriter::new(output);
let mut encoder = png::Encoder::new(
writer,
size.0,
size.1,
);
encoder.set_color(png::ColorType::Rgba);
let mut writer = encoder.write_header().unwrap();
writer.write_image_data(&bitmap).unwrap();
writer.finish().unwrap();
println!("{name}:\tfill={} time={}ms", full as f32/(max_x*max_y) as f32, dur.as_secs_f32()*1000.0);
}*/

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hard_tabs = true
newline_style = "Unix"
imports_granularity = "Crate"
unstable_features = true
format_code_in_doc_comments = true
format_macro_bodies = true
format_macro_matchers = true
format_strings = true

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skrivan-cli/Cargo.toml Normal file
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[package]
name = "skrivan-cli"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2024"
[dependencies]
argp = "0.4.1"
pixglyph = "0.6"
png = "0.18"
rustybuzz = "0.20"
skrivan = { path = "../skrivan" }

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use skrivan::{Atlas, Glyph};
use std::{
collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
io::Write,
};
/// Render fonts to PNG altas and parsable char-to-coordinate map.
///
/// The input text file may contain multiple times the same characters,
/// they will be rendered only once.
/// Newlines and space characters are ignored.
///
/// Skrivañ, CopyLeft 2026 tuxmain (GNU AGPL v3)
#[derive(argp::FromArgs)]
struct Cli {
/// Path to the font file (TTF, OTF, AAT)
#[argp(positional)]
font: String,
/// Path to a text file containing the characters that will be rendered
#[argp(positional)]
text: String,
/// Path to the output image file
#[argp(positional)]
image: String,
/// Path to the output atlas file
#[argp(positional)]
atlas: String,
/// Font size
#[argp(positional)]
size: f32,
/// Maximum width of the image
#[argp(option, short = 'w', default = "256")]
width: u32,
}
fn main() {
let cli: Cli = argp::parse_args_or_exit(argp::DEFAULT);
let font_data = std::fs::read(cli.font).expect("Cannot read font file");
let face = rustybuzz::ttf_parser::Face::parse(&font_data, 0).expect("Cannot parse font");
let mut charset = HashSet::new();
let mut chars = HashMap::new();
let mut buffer = rustybuzz::UnicodeBuffer::new();
let text = std::fs::read_to_string(cli.text).expect("Cannot read text file");
for (i, c) in text.char_indices() {
if c.is_whitespace() {
continue;
}
if charset.insert(c) {
buffer.add(c, i as u32);
chars.insert(i, c);
}
}
let shape = rustybuzz::shape(&rustybuzz::Face::from_face(face.clone()), &[], buffer);
let mut bitmaps = HashMap::new();
let mut max_w = 0;
let mut max_h = 0;
for c in shape.glyph_infos() {
if let Some(glyph) =
pixglyph::Glyph::load(&face, rustybuzz::ttf_parser::GlyphId(c.glyph_id as u16))
{
let bitmap = glyph.rasterize(0., 0., cli.size);
max_w = max_w.max(bitmap.width);
max_h = max_h.max(bitmap.height);
bitmaps.insert(chars[&(c.cluster as usize)], bitmap);
dbg!(chars[&(c.cluster as usize)]);
}
}
let mut atlas = Atlas {
charmap: HashMap::new(),
};
let image_width = cli.width as usize;
let mut pixels = Vec::new();
let mut x: u32 = 0;
let mut y: u32 = 0;
for (c, bitmap) in bitmaps {
if x + bitmap.width >= image_width as _ {
x = 0;
y += max_h;
}
if pixels.len() <= image_width * y as usize {
pixels.extend_from_slice(&vec![0; image_width * max_h as usize]);
}
atlas.charmap.insert(
c,
Glyph {
x,
y,
w: bitmap.width,
h: bitmap.height,
offset_x: bitmap.left,
offset_y: bitmap.top,
},
);
for by in 0..bitmap.height {
for bx in 0..bitmap.width {
pixels[((y + by) * image_width as u32 + x + bx) as usize] =
bitmap.coverage[(by * bitmap.width + bx) as usize];
}
}
x += bitmap.width;
}
let output = std::fs::File::create(cli.image).expect("Cannot open output image file");
let writer = &mut std::io::BufWriter::new(output);
let mut encoder = png::Encoder::new(
writer,
image_width as u32,
(pixels.len() / image_width) as u32,
);
encoder.set_color(png::ColorType::Grayscale);
let mut writer = encoder.write_header().unwrap();
writer.write_image_data(&pixels).unwrap();
writer.finish().unwrap();
let mut output = std::fs::File::create(cli.atlas).expect("Cannot open output atlas file");
output.write_all(&atlas.serialize()).unwrap();
}

15
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[package]
name = "skrivan"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2024"
[dependencies]
# std has so many functions to decode UTF-8, but nothing just to decode a single char!
utf8-decode = "2"
# Optional
bytemuck = { version = "1.25.0", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
[features]
# Might help if passing glyphs to a WGPU vertex shader.
bytemuck = ["dep:bytemuck"]

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#![warn(missing_docs)]
#![deny(non_ascii_idents)]
#![deny(unnameable_types)]
#![deny(unreachable_pub)]
#![deny(unsafe_code)]
#![deny(unstable_features)]
#![warn(unused_qualifications)]
#![allow(clippy::tabs_in_doc_comments)]
//! TODO
use std::{collections::HashMap, str::Chars};
/// Settings for rendering a font
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct FontSettings<'a, T> {
/// Whitespace width
pub space_w: u32,
/// Vertical offset between text lines
pub line_h: u32,
/// Maximum width of the rendered text rectangle
pub width: u32,
/// Some texture containing the font
pub font_texture: &'a [T],
/// Width of the font texture
pub font_texture_width: u32,
/// Bytes per pixel on the textures (e.g. 4 for RGBA)
///
/// Must be the same on font texture and render texture.
pub bytes_per_pixel: usize,
/// Offset of the font texture in the entire texture
///
/// Allows to store multiple fonts (or other things) in the same texture.
pub font_texture_offset: (u32, u32),
}
/// Description of the mapping between characters and positions on the font texture
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Atlas {
/// Character map
pub charmap: HashMap<char, Glyph>,
}
/// A glyph on the font texture
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub struct Glyph {
/// X position on the font texture
pub x: u32,
/// Y position on the font texture
pub y: u32,
/// Width
pub w: u32,
/// Height
pub h: u32,
/// X offset relative to the position, at which it should be rendered
pub offset_x: i32,
/// Y offset relative to the position, at which it should be rendered
pub offset_y: i32,
}
/// Atlas deserialization error
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub enum DeserializeError {
/// Format is invalid
InvalidFormat,
/// Encountered invalid UTF-8 character
Utf8(utf8_decode::Utf8Error),
}
impl Atlas {
/// Build an atlas from its byte encoding
pub fn deserialize(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, DeserializeError> {
let mut charmap = HashMap::new();
let mut offset = 0;
while let Some((c, _len)) =
utf8_decode::try_decode_char(data, &mut offset).map_err(DeserializeError::Utf8)?
{
if data.len() - offset < 8 {
return Err(DeserializeError::InvalidFormat);
}
let glyph = Glyph {
x: u16::from_be_bytes(data[offset..offset + 2].try_into().expect("unreachable"))
as u32,
y: u16::from_be_bytes(
data[offset + 2..offset + 4]
.try_into()
.expect("unreachable"),
) as u32,
w: data[offset + 4] as u32,
h: data[offset + 5] as u32,
offset_x: i8::from_be_bytes([data[offset + 6]]) as i32,
offset_y: i8::from_be_bytes([data[offset + 7]]) as i32,
};
charmap.insert(c, glyph);
offset += 8;
}
Ok(Self { charmap })
}
/// Encode an atlas to bytes
pub fn serialize(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
let mut output = Vec::new();
for (c, glyph) in self.charmap.iter() {
let c_len = c.len_utf8();
output.extend(std::iter::repeat_n(0, c_len + 8));
let mut offset = output.len() - 8 - c_len;
c.encode_utf8(&mut output[offset..]);
offset += c_len;
output[offset..offset + 2].copy_from_slice(&(glyph.x as u16).to_be_bytes());
output[offset + 2..offset + 4].copy_from_slice(&(glyph.y as u16).to_be_bytes());
output[offset + 4..offset + 5].copy_from_slice(&(glyph.w as u8).to_be_bytes());
output[offset + 5..offset + 6].copy_from_slice(&(glyph.h as u8).to_be_bytes());
output[offset + 6..offset + 7].copy_from_slice(&(glyph.offset_x as i8).to_be_bytes());
output[offset + 7..offset + 8].copy_from_slice(&(glyph.offset_y as i8).to_be_bytes());
}
output
}
/// Shape a text using the font (i.e. compute render position for each glyph)
pub fn shape<'a, T>(&'a self, font_settings: &'a FontSettings<'a, T>, text: &'a str) -> Shaper<'a, T> {
Shaper {
font_settings,
atlas: self,
chars: text.chars(),
x: 0,
y: 0,
}
}
}
/// Mapping of a rectangle from font atlas to a render texture (usable in a vertex shader)
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "bytemuck", derive(bytemuck::Pod, bytemuck::Zeroable))]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct TextureMap {
/// X position on the font texture
pub atlas_x: u32,
/// Y position on the font texture
pub atlas_y: u32,
/// X position on the render texture
pub render_x: i32,
/// Y position on the render texture
pub render_y: i32,
/// Width
pub w: u32,
/// Height
pub h: u32,
}
/// Iterator on glyphs to be rendered
pub struct Shaper<'a, T> {
font_settings: &'a FontSettings<'a, T>,
atlas: &'a Atlas,
chars: Chars<'a>,
x: u32,
y: u32,
}
impl<'a, T> Iterator for Shaper<'a, T> {
type Item = TextureMap;
// TODO wordwrap
// TODO alignment
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
loop {
let c = self.chars.next()?;
if c == '\r' {
self.x = 0;
continue;
}
if c == '\n' {
self.x = 0;
self.y += self.font_settings.line_h;
continue;
}
if c.is_whitespace() {
self.x += self.font_settings.space_w;
continue;
}
let Some(glyph) = self.atlas.charmap.get(&c) else {
self.x += self.font_settings.space_w;
continue;
};
if self.x + glyph.w > self.font_settings.width {
self.x = 0;
self.y += self.font_settings.line_h;
}
let texture_map = TextureMap {
atlas_x: glyph.x,
atlas_y: glyph.y,
render_x: self.x as i32 + glyph.offset_x,
render_y: self.y as i32 + glyph.offset_y,
w: glyph.w,
h: glyph.h,
};
self.x += glyph.w;
return Some(texture_map);
}
}
}
impl<'a, T: Copy> Shaper<'a, T> {
// TODO blend
// TODO alignment
/// Directly render the text to a texture
///
/// If you want to do the rendering yourself (e.g. to control blending or to use GPU),
/// use the iterator instead.
pub fn render(
self,
texture: &mut [T],
texture_width: u32,
text_pos: (u32, u32),
) {
let font_settings = self.font_settings;
for texture_map in self {
let byte_len = texture_map.w as usize * font_settings.bytes_per_pixel;
for y in 0..texture_map.h {
let index = (((text_pos.1 + y).strict_add_signed(texture_map.render_y)) * texture_width
+ text_pos.0)
.strict_add_signed(texture_map.render_x) as usize
* font_settings.bytes_per_pixel;
let font_index = ((font_settings.font_texture_offset.1 + texture_map.atlas_y + y) * font_settings.font_texture_width
+ font_settings.font_texture_offset.0 + texture_map.atlas_x) as usize
* font_settings.bytes_per_pixel;
texture[index..index + byte_len]
.copy_from_slice(&font_settings.font_texture[font_index..font_index + byte_len]);
}
}
}
}

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use std::{collections::HashMap, iter::repeat_n};
pub struct Packer<K> {
tree: HashMap<Key<K>, Node<K>>,
next_key: u64,
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
pub enum Key<K> {
Branch(u64),
Leaf(K),
}
/*pub enum Node<K> {
Branch(Branch<K>),
Leaf(Leaf),
}*/
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Node<K> {
x: u32,
y: u32,
w: u32,
h: u32,
parent: u64,
node_type: NodeType<K>,
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub enum NodeType<K> {
EmptyLeaf,
FullLeaf,
Branch(Key<K>, Key<K>),
}
/*pub struct Branch<K> {
x: u32,
y: u32,
w: u32,
h: u32,
children: Option<(Key<K>, Key<K>)>,
}
pub struct Leaf {
x: u32,
y: u32,
w: u32,
h: u32,
}*/
impl<K: Copy+Eq+std::hash::Hash> Packer<K> {
pub fn new(w: u32, h: u32) -> Self {
let mut tree = HashMap::new();
tree.insert(Key::Branch(0), Node {
x: 0, y: 0, w, h, node_type: NodeType::EmptyLeaf, parent: 0,
});
Self {tree, next_key: 1}
}
pub fn insert(&mut self, key: K, w: u32, h: u32) -> bool {
const STACK_LEN: usize = 16;
let mut stack = [(Key::Branch(0), 0u8); STACK_LEN];
let mut stack_top = 0;
loop {
println!("Loop: {stack_top}");
let node = self.tree.get_mut(&stack[stack_top].0).expect("invalid internal state");
if node.w < w || node.h < h {
if stack_top == 0 {
// No room left
return false
}
stack_top -= 1;
println!("No room, going back");
continue
}
match node.node_type.clone() {
NodeType::EmptyLeaf => {
println!("Empty");
node.node_type = NodeType::Branch(Key::Branch(self.next_key), Key::Branch(self.next_key+1));
let Key::Branch(parent) = stack[stack_top].0 else {unreachable!()};
let node = node.clone();
self.tree.insert(Key::Branch(self.next_key), Node { x: node.x, y: node.y, w: w, h: node.h, node_type: NodeType::Branch(Key::Leaf(key), Key::Branch(self.next_key+2)), parent });
self.tree.insert(Key::Branch(self.next_key+1), Node { x: node.x+w, y: node.y, w: node.w-w, h: node.h, node_type: NodeType::EmptyLeaf, parent: self.next_key });
self.tree.insert(Key::Branch(self.next_key+2), Node { x: node.x, y: node.y+h, w: w, h: node.h-h, node_type: NodeType::EmptyLeaf, parent: self.next_key });
self.tree.insert(Key::Leaf(key), Node { x: node.x, y: node.y, w, h, node_type: NodeType::FullLeaf, parent });
self.next_key += 3;
return true
}
NodeType::FullLeaf => {
println!("Full");
if stack_top == 0 {
// No room left
return false
}
stack_top -= 1;
}
NodeType::Branch(k1, k2) => {
println!("Branch");
if stack_top == STACK_LEN-1 {
// Too much recursion
stack_top -= 1;
println!("Too much recursion");
continue
}
if stack[stack_top].1 < 2 {
println!("Deep sibling");
if stack[stack_top].1 == 0 {
println!("Deep sibling 0");
stack[stack_top+1] = (k1, 0);
}
else if stack[stack_top].1 == 1 {
println!("Deep sibling 1");
stack[stack_top+1] = (k2, 0);
}
stack[stack_top].1 += 1;
stack_top += 1;
} else {
println!("Branch going back");
if stack_top == 0 {
// Finished?
return false
}
stack_top -= 1;
}
}
}
}
}
/*pub fn remove(&mut self, key: K) -> bool {
let mut k = Key::Leaf(key);
if let Some(leaf) = self.tree.remove(&k) {
let mut parent = leaf.parent;
loop {
let branch = self.tree.get_mut(&Key::Branch(parent)).expect("invalid internal state");
match branch.node_type.clone() {
NodeType::Branch(k1, k2) => {
let sibling_key =
if k1 == k {
k2
} else {
k1
};
let sibling = self.tree.get()
}
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}
true
} else {
false
}
}*/
pub fn get(&self, key: K) -> Option<Rect> {
self.tree.get(&Key::Leaf(key)).map(|n| Rect { x: n.x, y: n.y, w: n.w, h: n.h })
}
pub fn display(&self) {
self.display_internal(Key::Branch(0), 0);
}
fn display_internal(&self, key: Key<K>, level: usize) {
let node = self.tree.get(&key).unwrap();
match node.node_type.clone() {
NodeType::Branch(k1, k2) => {
println!("{}Branch {}:{} {}:{}", repeat_n(' ', level).collect::<String>(), node.x, node.y, node.w, node.h);
self.display_internal(k1, level+1);
self.display_internal(k2, level+1);
}
NodeType::EmptyLeaf => {
println!("{}Empty {}:{} {}:{}", repeat_n(' ', level).collect::<String>(), node.x, node.y, node.w, node.h);
}
NodeType::FullLeaf => {
println!("{}Full {}:{} {}:{}", repeat_n(' ', level).collect::<String>(), node.x, node.y, node.w, node.h);
}
}
}
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub struct Rect {
pub x: u32,
pub y: u32,
pub w: u32,
pub h: u32,
}